‘National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)’

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Context

The government in its budget 2020 has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA) with a total budget outlay of Rs 8000 Crore for a period of five years to be implemented by the Department of Science & Technology (DST).

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About the mission:

• The new mission will oversee the development of quantum technologies for communications, computing, materials development and cryptography.
• It will coordinate the work of scientists, industry leaders and government departments
• Implementing authority: The move will be implemented by the Department of Science & Technology (DST).
• Focus area: The areas of focus for the Mission will be in fundamental science, translation, technology development, human and infrastructural resource generation, innovation and start-ups to address issues concerning national priorities.

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Quantum Technology:

• Quantum technologies are rapidly developing globally with a huge disruptive potential.
• Quantum technology is a class of technology that works by using the principles of quantum mechanics (the physics of sub-atomic particles), including quantum entanglement and quantum superposition.
  • Quantum entanglement is when two atoms are connected, or entangled, despite being separated.
  • Quantum superposition is the theory that sub-atomic particles exist in multiple states simultaneously.
• It concerns the control and manipulation of quantum systems, with the goal of achieving information processing beyond the limits of the classical world.
• Quantum technology is opening up new frontiers in computing, communications, cyber security with wide-spread applications.
• It is expected that lots of commercial applications would emerge from theoretical constructs which are developing in this area.
• Quantum technology promises improvements to a vast range of everyday gadgets, including:
  • more reliable navigation and timing systems
  • more secure communications
  • more accurate healthcare imaging
  • more powerful computing
• The next generation transformative technologies that will receive a push under this mission include quantum computers and computing, quantum communication, quantum key distribution, encryption, crypt analysis, quantum devices, quantum sensing, quantum materials, quantum clock and so on.

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Significance of the mission:

• Super-secure communication network: The mission may eventually lead to the creation of a super-secure communication network to make online financial transactions hacking-proof besides ensuring full-proof safety of every bit of digital communication.
• Solution for complex problems: Quantum principles will be used for engineering solutions to extremely complex problems in computing, communications, sensing, chemistry, cryptography, imaging and mechanics.
• Global recognition: India’s considerable investment in the field places it alongside the United States, Europe and Russia. In 2018, US decided to invest US$1.2 billion over five years in a national quantum initiative, and in 2016, Europe pledged US$1.13 billion for quantum technologies. Russia is also spending huge amount on quantum technologies .

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